There for budget is a mirror to look the government
developmental activities which sets a framework for policy formulation and
implementation. This is also a means of legal control. Budget document is the
good source of public information on past activities, present decisions and
future on past activities, present decisions and future prospects. A
significant feature of a budget is comprehensiveness that must include all
government agencies and financial transaction...
Two component of
Budget:
1) Government Expenditure
2) Government Revenue
Government expenditure
can be classified in following ways:
1) Object Classification
2) Functional
Classification; includes General public service and economic
classification for example: Current Expenditure, Capital Expenditure,
Net bending including net acquisition of equities ; and Economic service includes
Agriculture, Mining, Manufacturing, Electricity, Roads, Water transport.
3)Economic Classification:
Budget Cycle
Types of Budget
👉Deficit Budget:
👉Surplus Budget
👉Balance Budget
👉Program Budget
👉Line item Budge
👉Zero Based Budget
Program Budget:
Budget which is prepared keeping program as base is called
program budget. In this type of budget there is per unit cost is determined.
This budget has been started by Hoover Commission in America in 1945 AD. In
Nepal this budget came in to existence for development expenses. In 1950 AD
second Hoover Commission brought the concept of program budget which tells that
planning and program is the part of budget system.
The main objective of this budget is to achieve the goal and
result by making budget program oriented. This budget was implemented in FY
2007/28. There are three element of program budget.
👉Planning (Structure)
👉Program (Analysis)
👉Budgeting (Information arrangement)
Deficit Budget:
When Expenditure exceeds the Income deficit occurs. The
budget in which is presented to meet the deficit is regarded as deficit budget.
Developing country used to prepare this kind of budget in order to utilize
neutral resource and means of the country. This budget is largely being
practiced in Nepal.
Surplus Budget:
On the contrary to deficit budget when income exceeds the
expenditure. This kind of budget is generally practiced in developed country.
This budget was implemented in FY 2033/34 BS in Nepal.
Balanced Budget:
This kind of budget is practiced when Income equals to
expenditure (Income = Expenditure). Balanced Budget was practiced in 2009/10BS
in Nepal.
Zero Based Budget:
The concept of ZBB was developed by US former president
Jimmi Carter in 1977AD. The budget which is prepared without considering
previous year budget as base is called as zero based budget.
Line Item Budget:
The Budget which is prepared (allotted) on the basis of
individual expenditure is regarded as line item Budget. This budget also called
as expense head budget. The allocated budget in Nepal for example, Salary,
Allowance, Travelling allowance, furniture etc..
Historical Back
Ground of Budget:
Fiscal
Year (AD/BS)
|
Budget
|
1733 AD
|
UK first country to implement budget by UK PM Robert Walpole
|
2008-10-22 BS
|
First time implemented in Nepal by PM Matrika Pd. Koirala and Finance
Minister Subham Samsher.
|
2009/10 BS
|
Balanced Budget
Implementation of FY from 1st srawan to Ashad
|
2013/14 BS
|
Budget was divided into General and Development Budget.
|
2016/17 BS
|
Budget presented in Nepalese currency
|
2017/18 BS
|
Issuance of Act on National Debt
|
2026/27 BS
|
Development Budget/Program Budget
|
2033/34 BS
|
Surplus Budget
|
2059/60 BS
|
Implementation of MTEF(mid term expenditure program frame work)
|
2061/62 BS
|
Implementation of budget by dividing into Current Budget, capital
Budget and principal return instead of General and Development budget |
👉The country who presents two different Budgets is India; Rail Budget and Union Budget.
👉France is the country which present budget twice in a year.
👉Program Budget first started from America
What special in next budget?
Many are worried about inflation, Many are curious to know the allotment fund for their area and community, Entrepreneurs and Traders are more concerned towards Tax horizon, Employee are more curious to know about their increment .Considering these entire situation how do you think that upcoming budget will fulfill all these expectations???